Advertising Creativity And Communications Marketing Essay

Advertising Creativity And Communications Marketing Essay This essay will first identify the advertising benefits for the company and why companies do advertising with regard to some credible authors of marketing books. Secondly, it will investigate the strong models based on persuasion theory with the help of different examples from UK advertising market. Next, it will examine the ATRN model of Ehrenberg based on reinforcement. Finally, this essay will present a view that the companies are using different strong and weak models to attract the audience to buy their products. In this modern era of technology many companies using tool of advertising to aware the customers about the features of their products and services. The advertising is a form of creating and sending a message to certain targeted population and hoping for their reaction towards your product. Historically the producers developed a product and then advertise it to find the market for the product but in todays world the product is specially design with the customer interest (Wells et al, 2006). In the recent past, the marketing concept has increased dramatically. The companies are started putting huge amount of budgets into advertising to produce high profits for their organization. The advertising particularly helps to create awareness because people do not buy those products they have never heard of them before. The advertising is very important for new products to launch them into segmented market. The relationship between the customer and the company need to be build up by the help of effective advertising (Farbey, 2002). Globalization made the companies to expand their businesses into other markets around them. This fact has increased the competition among the competitors. In this competitive world, it is made compulsory for the company to advertise and protect themselves from the primary competition (Wells et al, 2006). Advertising is only as strong as the product and service because you can only sell poor product at once time but to sell it for twice you have to speak truth with your customers. The effective campaigns are making customers more loyal to the company. Advertising can be a strong or weak force for the company (Farbey, 2002). The Strong theory and models are based on persuasion and on the other hand the weak theory is based on reinforcement. Persuasion is a process which includes changing of attitudes and manipulated the thoughts of customers to change their believes and habits (Health, 2007). There are two types of persuasion, Rational and Emotional persuasion. Rational persuasion is about explaining the benefits, advantages, likeness and different incentives where as emotional persuasion has the same features but it can create a strong relationship and make brand most successful. When the result come to calculate the efficiency of them then its very hard to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional as compare to rational persuasion (Health, 2006). The strong school of advertising really focuses on the effectiveness of advertising. The effective advertising helps the company to grow its sales very rapidly. Short term advertising campaign is more effective then the long term. The most important feature of short term advertising is that it tells the company to go with the campaign in long run or to leave it because it will not have a further effect on the sales (Jones, 2003). Not every campaign has an effective outcome on its sales. About 70% of all the campaign raises the sales immediately and on the other hand 46% of long term campaigns have a direct impact on the sales (Jones, 1998). Strong school of advertising models include AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action), DAGMAR (Unawareness, awareness, Comprehension, Conviction, Action), Hierarchy of effects (Awareness, Knowledge, Liking, Preference, Conviction, Purchase) and Elaboration Likelihood Model. The AIDA model was designed by St. Elmo Lewis (1898) and Strong (1925). This model used especially for the personal dealing but later on it was adopted as a communication process between the company and its customers (Yeshin, 2006). It consists of four steps Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. Its very important for the company to get the attention of the customer so that the other three steps should be taken by the customer. The main issue for the company is to know its own benefits and then tell the customers with different attractive words or phrases to get their attention (Johnston, 2009). Attention can built the interest and make desire for the product. By giving more and more true information of the product the interest can be generated (Brewer, 2010). The desire only be created by showing the actual picture to the customer and make him or her desire for the product. The product features can make the man go mad for the product and indulge in the step of taking quick action (Johnston, 2009). There are many adverts these days for the customers to get their attention towards the product. Apple is a very famous company in making electronic products such as Iphones, Ipods, Macbooks and now the Ipads. The Ipad is specially made for the customers to access their emails, watch videos, downloads pictures and listen to songs. Before launching Ipad the company really wanted to grab the attention of their customers. They used their website to attract the customers for example; if anyone opens the web page then he gets a welcoming message of the new product of Apple. The picture of Ipad is shown below which was advertised on www.apple.com (Lazaris, 2010). C:Usersfazal ranaDesktopipad.jpg Source: APPLE WEBSITE (2010) Figure 1: IPAD IMAGES This is a very good example of how picture can get customers attention. This sort of pictures can create an interest for the customers. Apple gave the enough knowledge on their website to create certain interest for the customers. Java script switchers and image sliders are very famous nowadays. The image shows that you can access the email and the save pictures at a same time. Considering the example of the Ipad, the aesthetics and accessibility feature of the product should not only be provided to induce the desire of attainability but also to facilities the user and to give an even better maneuverability of the device for a comfortable and more passionate experience (Lazaris, 2010). The campaign ran very well through web page and indulges the customers to take action and buy the Ipad. Hierarchical model only deals with the individual response and the effect resulted by the advertisement (East, 2003). The advertising process model was developed by Robert Lavidge and Gary Steiner in 1961 that has some points difference from AIDA model. The main implication of this model is that, if any one of all stages missed out then the desire outcome will not be achieved. The first stage is to get aware the customer about the product by the help of advertising. Secondly, he or she should provide with all the information about the product so that the process of likeness can be built on its own. The following step is to create preference of the product among the other product with same qualities. The next step is conviction which includes making decision to purchase the advertised product. If all of the steps are effectively put in by the company or the advertising agency then its not difficult to make customer buy for the product (Yeshin, 2006). As can be seen from an old advert of Ariel (YouTube, 2008) which delivered an idea of Lavidge and Steiner model, this advert gives a good example of Hierarchy of effect model. By emphasizing on the problem of stain clothes the company creates awareness and gives us the problem of removing these stains which is not possible to be done by other ordinary liquids. By performing a simple experiment of comparing Ariel liquid by other liquids the company has induced a liking effect among the audience. The better results of the product would generate a preference among people whereas convincing them that if this product is selected and used it would give out better results than other product which are already available in the market. By using such a method the company leaves the audience with an inclined desire to purchase the product and try it at least for once which resulted in a number of sales for the product. In early 1960s, Russell Colley developed a model with the name of DAGMAR (Colleys hierarchy of effects) model. This model aimed to quantify the process of communication (Yeshin, 2006). The stages of this model are Unawareness, Awareness, Comprehension, Conviction and Action. This model emphasized a lot on creating higher number of sales by the help of awareness. The customer must be aware of the product and the company. He must have the comprehension or knowledge that what the product is about and how the product can help him (Joyce, 1998 in Jones, 1998). Thirdly, convincing the customer by telling him benefits of the product. Lastly, for the action you have to depend on the customer. However, your previous actions will have a major role to play (George, 2006). This model is mainly use to define advertising goals and measure the effectiveness of the campaign. Effective advertising can take the audience down to the way of awareness, comprehension and conviction to take the final actio n (East, 2003). Indian premier league (IPL) is becoming very famous these days among all the ages who love to watch cricket. These days the third season of IPL cricket is going on. IPL has recently signed a contract with ITV for live broadcasting of every match especially for UK fans. To get aware the people the ITV is advertising on TV and Internet. Recently, on 11 March 2010 ITV king cricket website showed an advert about the watching the matches of IPL on terrestrial TV without paying any money. The targeted audience is students who can watch matches in the afternoon by sitting at their homes. As ITV is a famous channel for UK audience so there is not much need for the comprehension about the channel. The conviction has done by telling the major benefit of watching the match without paying (King Cricket, 2010). The Elaboration Likelihood Model was developed in 1980 by Richard E Petty and John T Cacioppo. This model addresses the interest of the individuals and changing habits of individuals behavior. The company tries to develop the positive behavior of the individual customers towards their offerings. There are two routes in this model of persuasion. The first route is the central processing route which provides the information with high level of motivation and the customer can asses to the core features of the persuasive message. This stage helps very much in making the effective decision. The other route is peripheral route which is about giving different cues to the customer and can involve personal selling as well. The outcome of attitudes forming with this method is less effective as compare to the first one (Eckert and Goldsby, 1997). Infomercials are the best example of giving information to the customer through central processing route. As can be seen from wearable towel infomercial (YouTube, 2009), the information about the product has been given to the audience to know about the product for example, how easily you can wear it as compare to the other towels which are already available in the market. Secondly, the advert provides the advantages of wearing the towel and different ways of wearing it. The individuals do not have much time in watching the whole infomercial so its better for the company to use peripheral route for the advertising. The weak theory is based on the reinforcement or repurchases habit of customer. The ATR model was proposed in 1974 by Ehrenberg which includes Awareness, Trail and Reinforcement (Hoek et al, 2000). Ehrenberg rejected the persuasion models and argues that the step of taking action in persuasion model is not supported by the empirical evidence (Yeshin, 2006). This model actually tells about the reinforcement in the customer current behavior patterns. The empirical generalization describes as the relationship between the consumer perception and beliefs about the brands and their behavior with respect to those brands (Hoek et al, 2000). In 1997 the model was refined by Barnard and Ehrenberg and they put another step of nudge after the reinforcement (Hoek et al, 2000). The first step of ATRN model is about Awareness of the product. The awareness can be done by different forms of advertising for example promotions, media adverts, word of mouth, direct marketing and so on. For the brand whi ch is already available in the market to buy, the customer already has the knowledge of the product and its specifications. For the new products awareness is very important so that the customer should know about the product. After the awareness the customer straight make a decision of buying the product and get him in the stage of trail (Yeshin, 2006). The ATR model specially focuses on the long term relationship of the customer with the company and the customer can only buy the product if he has believe in the product or if he tried it before. The managers are very willing to use ATR model these days to make the use of behavioral goals and to create a long term relationship (Hoek and Janet, 1999). The adverts are mostly for those people who already have the product. Majority of the people use to see and concentrate on the adverts of those brands which they are using or used it before in their lives. In new markets, the image of product and awareness has to be built but on the other hand in mature markets the adverts are mainly use to retain the customers. The customers do not have any interest in changing their brands and they are willing to stuck themselves to limited brands(East,2003). C:Usersfazal ranaDesktopTradeAdverts_kit kat caramel.jpg Source: GOOGLE Images (2010) Figure 2: KitKat Adverts This advert is especially for those customers who have already tried different flavors of KitKat. The advert is actually for the new flavor of Chunky Caramel KitKat. The packaging is a designed to aware the customer so that he can answer himself what taste is going to de inside? The company spent around 7 million pounds on the advertising campaign (Frewin, 2009). Kitkat is announced as a bestselling chocolate bar of year 2009. The reinforcement to buy the product made the huge profit for the company. The sales have risen to 13% of the last year (Laycoak, 2010). Scholten (1996) has stated that the traditional models of hierarchy of effect paradigm have two major issues to criticize. Firstly, it cannot research about the market situation to deliver their message. Secondly, the campaign is run to a specific group of people which are targeted. The ATR model focuses on the behavior, brand awareness, trial purchase and repurchase if the customer is satisfied and willing to buy it again. On the other hand, traditional models do emphasize on the effectiveness of advertising by getting a regular response up to a particular stage in hierarchy (Scholten, 1996). This essay has explored the difference between strong theory and weak theory with the help of different example which has taken from the UK advertising market. It has been found that the use of strong theory based on persuasion can really help the company to grow its business globally by giving information about their organization and the product. The communication process by persuasion is specially for those companies which are diverting the business line to the different countries and those who are new in different businesses so that they can aware the audience. The communication through ELM model can be very expensive for low budget advertising campaigns but on the other hand it can be very effective for big marketers to give maximum information to the individuals or give some cues by hiring celebrities. Furthermore, the ATR model can be helpful for those companies which are willing to advertise in the same market where they are performing their current businesses. However, the co mpany should have some competitive advantages for new market openings which really help them to get successful in the stage of trail. The brands which are already well known or people are very much aware to them such as, Coca Cola, Pepsi etc usually use ATR model to reinforce the customer to buy the product again and again. 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(2002) How to produce successful advertising. 3rd edn. London: Kogan Page ltd. Frewin, A. (2009) Trade launch for KitKat Chunky Caramel by Nestle [Online] Available at: http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2009/09/25/330095/Trade-launch-for-Kit-Kat-Chunky-Caramel-by-Nestl.htm [Accessed: 28 march, 2010] George, K. (2006) Models for an advertising agency [Online] Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/multimedia-articles/aida-and-dagmar-models-for-an-advertising-agency-35178.html [Accessed: 23 march, 2010] Google Images (2010) KitKat adverts UK [Online] Available at: http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.asiantrader.biz/TradeAdverts%255Ckit%2520kat%2520caramel.jpgimgrefurl=http://afoxiesmile.livejournal.com/usg=__SiB8tU7OEcEDAkhKltkiNW088SE=h=1169w=827sz=395hl=enstart=3um=1itbs=1tbnid=-0Ld_72uKkWwVM:tbnh=150tbnw=106prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkit%2Bkat%2Bold%2Badverts%2Buk%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26tbs%3Disch:1 [Accessed: 28 march, 2010] Health, R. 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(2003) Whats in a name?: Advertising and concept of branding. 2nd end. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. Johnston, R. (2009) The AIDA marketing model [Online] Available at: http://www.articlesbase.com/printing-articles/the-aida-marketing-model-825021.html [Accessed: 25 march, 2010] Joyce, T. (1998) The Advertising Process. In Jones. P (Eds) (1998) How Advertising Works. New York: SAGE [Online] Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=VLh-LSg6GyACoi=fndpg=PA1dq=J.P.+Jones+advertising+strong+theoryots=guEnVOPivPsig=8Daj0uBmHvaImqGmPksDb_jfIyY#v=onepageq=f=false [Accessed: 15th march, 2010] Laycock, M. (2010) Fairtrade KitKat goes on sale across Britain [Online] Available at: http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/4869073.Fairtrade_KitKat_goes_on_sale_across_Britain/# [Accessed: 27 march, 2010] Lazaris, L. (2010) The AIDA model in web design [Online] Available at: http://www.noupe.com/design/the-aida-marketing-model-in-web-design.html [Accessed: 25 march, 2010] Scholten, M. (1996) Lost and found: the information processing model of advertising effectiveness. pp. 97-104 [Online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V7S-3VV44BC-B_user=10_coverDate=10/31/1996_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1271700460_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=e8bacad0d90ce77cfb832a2aa4379b02 [Accessed: 23 march,2010] Wells,W., Moriarty, S., Burnett, J. (2006) Advertising. 7th edn. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Yeshin, T. (2006). Advertising. 1st edn. London: Thomson learning. You Tube (2008) Ariel washing powder 1980 advert. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ2eSKRR6Uo [Accessed: 26 march, 2010] YouTube (2009) Wearable towel infomercial. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjdyjL0dbG8 [Accessed: 26 march, 2010]

Hocus Pocus Abracadabra - Is It All Just Words and Show? Essay

As a child the notion of magic was as simple as a magician sawing a woman in half, then piecing her back together, or the illusion of a human gravitating in mid air. Even as adults, we are still awed by such pastime entertainments of magic. On the contrary, Rebecca L. Stein and Philip L. Stein depict magic as a way of life similarly to elements of religion. In The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft Stein and Stein illustrated magic as being a subcategory to religion; laws of magic; functions of magic; how it works; magic in society; and divination. In terms, of magic, what is it; and what makes it real? WHAT IS MAGIC? Magic refers to methods that somehow interface with the supernatural and by which people can bring about particular outcomes (Stein and Stein 136). Unlike religion, magic is geared to the satisfaction of an individual (e.g. Voodoo). Magic in contemporary societies has negative connotations affiliating magic to witchcraft or Voodoo like practices. Unlike religions rituals that tend to involve the whole of the community, magic is often centered on the needs and desires of an individual (Stein and Stein 137). However, in Western civilizations magic is the â€Å"answer† to unanswerable questions, and is the validation to which things are the way they are (dream interpretations, psychics). For instance, teenyboppers craze over horoscopes in Pop culture magazines. Readers feed into justifications to their emotions and faith, and hopes of true love. Overall, who wants to be in the world alone and lost? Therefore, horoscopes are the directions when one is confused when they are at the fork in the road. Based on that, is magic an omniscient power that can collectively derive from the supernatural? In some case... ...y will (Howie, et al 187). Hence, the nature of magic in objective of gaining a series of successful outcomes is purpose why magic continues currently. Works Cited 1. Howie, Linda, et al. â€Å"Some Thoughts on Magic: Its Use and Effect in Undergraduate Student Life.† Totem: The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology 19.1 (2011): 187. Web 30 Mar. 2012 2. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 136. Print 3. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 137. Print 4. Zorich, Zach. â€Å"Archaeology† Fighting with Jaguars, Bleeding for Rain 61.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. 30 Mar 2012. http://www.archaeology.org/0811/etc/boxing.html.

The Character Flaws of Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

The Character Flaws of Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Since The Tragedy of Macbeth was written there has been speculation about the cause of Macbeth's downfall.   Readers ponder whether Macbeth's fall was caused by a flaw in his character, Lady Macbeth, or an outside force of evil.   Although the witches set a certain mood and Lady Macbeth exerts a certain influence on him, Macbeth's downfall is caused by his own character.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth's tragic flaw in character was the paradoxical pairing of his ambition with his passivity.   Throughout the play we see many examples of Macbeth's conflict between his ambition to attain the crown and his passive attitude towards the actions that are required to obtain it.   Macbeth's ambition is first illustrated in his susceptibility to the idea of becoming king, introduced by the witch's prophecies. When the witches greet Macbeth by saying, "All hail, Macbeth!   That shall be king hereafter" ( I, iii, 50)      Ã‚  Ã‚   Banquo observes that Macbeth seems "rapt" (I, iii, 58) and Macbeth says, "Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more?say from whence you owe this strange intelligence??.Speak, I charge you" (71-79). As scholar A. C Bradley observes, "The words of the witches are fatal to [Macbeth] only because there is in him something which leaps into light at the sound of them" ( 289).   However, this ambitious attitude soon changes to passivity when he realizes the grave actions that are required of him.   The contrast between Macbeth's ambition and his passivity-caused by reluctance to do evil-is depicted clearly by his actions and thoughts that occur before he murders Duncan.   Macbeth focuses on "the deterrent, not the incentives"; he is plagued by the "spectral bloody dagger" rather than the though... ...o Macbeth, they point to the unfolding of his evil.   He was ambitious enough to want to be king but not shrewd enough to have thought through the eventual consequences of his conniving.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Although there were many contributing factors to Macbeth's downfall, the primary cause was his own character flaw.   His internal contradiction between ambition and passivity allowed him to become susceptible to the witches' prophecies and Lady Macbeth's wickedness and eventually led to his downfall and death.    Works Cited Bradley, A.C.  Ã‚   Shakespearean Tragedy. Fawcett Publications: Greenwich, Conn., 1965. Shakespeare, William.   The Complete Works of William Shakespeare.   Oxford University Press:   London, 1964. Stoll, Elmer Edgar.   "Source and Motive in Macbeth and Othello."   Ed.   Leonard F. Dean.   Oxford University Press:   New York, 1961, 282-93.

Economic Networkingâ€Exploring Alternatives for Promoting Sustainable De

Economic Networking—Exploring Alternatives for Promoting Sustainable Development in Africa INTRODUCTION The history of European aid intervention in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states has traditionally acted to reinforce the hierarchical distinction between the â€Å"developed† and the â€Å"developing† world. The series of Lome Conventions which granted preferential trade agreements between these groups of countries have proved ineffective in encouraging economic sustainability in the ACP states, and although the ACP includes most of the Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) in the world, the agreements have been criticized as being unfair in the global context. Under pressure to negotiate a new ACP-EU agreement that would be consistent with World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations, and improve on the limitations of the previous Lome Conventions, the Cotonou Convention was signed in 2000, after arduous negotiations. Despite this agreement, the future of ACP-EU relations is somewhat vague. Particularly with respect to Africa, this uncertainty leaves room for eva luation of the effectiveness of the past agreements and an objective analysis of the motives behind previous economic ties. Furthermore, by analyzing the problematic history of European aid to Africa, there emerges a basis for shifting away from the neo-colonialist relationships that characterized most of the past agreements, and exploring the benefits of creating alternative partnerships. Ultimately, the possibility of forming partnerships amongst individual ACP countries and between other developing countries is an overlooked idea that should be further explored. A Historical Perspective African economic development is a subject of wide interest. Amongst the ... ...2 October 2003 Kwarteng, Charles O. Africa and the European Challenge. Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company. 1997. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development. October 2001. Overseas Development Institute. Reshaping European partnerships: what future for the ACP? Meeting September 2003. http://www.odi.org.uk/speeches/edc_2010/meeting_report_17september.html The World Bank Group. World Development Indicators Database: Country Profile Table. 11 March 2004 . The World Bank Group. 2003 World Development Indicators. 11 March 2004. . Economic Community of West African States. About ECOWAS. 11 March 2004. .

“A person doesn’t gain knowledge by possessing an insatiable thirst for it, But by searching for the means to quench it” Essay

Statement of purpose My journey to attain the ultimate goal of my life also goes something like what Frost says. It is a continuous struggle to reach the shores of success and achievement. It is to attain fulfillment in the field I love the most, â€Å"Medicine-Social work†. Before I elaborate on that, let me introduce myself as a student of Undergraduate Program in Dentistry from N.T.R. University of Health Sciences, one of the premier institutes in India. Passions to achieve expertise in Public Health and to be a part of the social work are the objectives to my Graduate Study. It would help hone my skills, earn proficiency and seek professional exposure. Though comprehensive in curriculum, the undergraduate course offers limited scope for specialization. A graduate course would pave way to earning hands-on experience and acquire specialization. MY SCHOOLING: I was exposed to the field of medicine & social work at a very early age in school and became fascinated. I obtained a solid grounding in Biological sciences during my early school years and during preparation for Medical entrance examinations in India. My schooling and further study have really shaped my thought process and attitude towards education. I did my schooling in The K P R &J L Siddartha High School, an institute known for high quality of education. From my childhood I had a strong proclivity towards Biological sciences. With this shot in the arm, I went on to do my pre-university education at Sri Vivekananda Junior College. Here I was exposed to eminent faculty, who helped bring me to the academic level I am. I have appeared for the EAMCET, a standardized test conducted for admission into the undergraduate courses, where I came out with flying colors by standing among the top 5% of the 90,000 students who had appeared for the test. MY INTEREST IN THE SUBJECT My interest in this subject dates back to my college days. During college days. I was wondered how the country provide all facilities to its population with resources being inversely proportional. This gave me a thought that every citizen of a country should be involved in some sort of social work by atleast providing the minimal facilities for a particular community in which he is living-in. Further, research in this field would definitely create wonders & would definitely contribute for the country’s Economic status. It has been rightly said that with proper nourishing, one transforms a fascination into an excellent productive faculty. I firmly believe that a part of this transformation has already been affected in me. The years as a student of Undergraduate programs in the field of Medicine at Dr B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Hyderabad which is affiliated to N.T.R. University of Health Sciences, one of the premier Universities of India has proven to be the most enriching period of my life. During the course of my Undergraduate studies, I have familiarized myself with the subject Social & Preventive Medicine, and I am very interested in gaining a deeper insight into this subject which form the very backbone of Public Health. Higher Education in United States of America would not only stand as a manifestation for my burning desire of academic achievement with professional competence, but also provide with the unique chance to test my ability to cope with the transition to a new setting, acquire new skills and improve my communicative competence. Higher Education in United States of  America will also enable me to experience a real and individual benefit of an International prospective in my course of studies. PURPOSE OF GRADUATE STUDY: During the undergraduate study, I decided to further my acquired interest in Public Health major. My propensity for research and insatiable thirst for knowledge and my ambition to contribute substantially to the field of Public Health have installed in me a longing to take up graduation. An undergraduate course, though comprehensive in its curriculum, provides limited scope for specialization. Much of the integration of advanced technologies in any demanding field takes place in a graduate program. Only then can one fathom the depths of this demanding field. Then came the decision of selection of universities, I chose American universities which are known for their world-class research facilities. I feel that graduate study at an American university is the best type of further education at this juncture because of the flexibility incorporated in its learning system, its infrastructure, the intense interaction with the industry and exposure to the latest technology. WHY PIP I CHOOSE YOUR UNIVERSITY I wish to earn a Masters degree in Public Health. I have spoken to my professors, seniors and friends about my choice of University, and have applied to —————————————— University because it is reputable for its research facilities. The department website revealed a very strong faculty involved in extensive research in the area of Public Health. This strengthened my resort to study at ———Adelphi———————University . It was during my House-surgeon ship, I realized that study, apart from dedication and the hard work requires an inspiring environment, competitive atmosphere and motivated faculty. In order to reach the educational plateaus I desire I need a good university like this. Having gone through the web pages and brochures, I am sure that this university will offer me the intellectual stimulating environment needed to help me excel in my chosen area of study. I hope that my struggle, perseverance and triumph through my undergraduate studies qualify me as an excellent candidate for graduate study. Based on the information amassed by me, I am confident that this university will be ideal for me to attain my full academic potential. FURTHER PROSPECTS In the recent years, the problem every country facing is the increase in its Population growth. To cope up with this increase, the resources should also be increased. But the increase in the population growth and the increase in the country’s resources are inversely proportional. By this, people of a country are not utilizing the resources properly provided for them. In order to eliminate this problem, a Public Health practitioner should asses the needs of a community in providing proper facilities in the fields such as Medicine, Literacy etc and thereby making its population to think over it. This is the field with a full scope for Research.. So I believe that my master’s degree in a reputed institution will enhance my job prospect in this field. I am fully aware that your institution requires that I summon all my resources and I aver that I have the necessary commitment, intelligence and stamina to look forward to it. I am convinced that my study at your institution w ould be a meaningful and rewarding experience. I look forward to have a rewarding association with your esteemed institution. I would like to take with me, in addition to knowledge in the relevant field, a network of strong and lasting relationships with my teachers and fellow students. 1 hope that my background and qualifications are found suitable for an MS degree in Public Health at ——————————————University. (RAVI KUMAR SIVVA)

Moral Law Vs Natural Law In The Scarlet Letter Essay

Moral fairnessfulness Vs. Natural Law At the dramatic center of The chromatic Letter is the root word of the awesomeness and inescapability of the Moral Law, to which any else is finally submitted, ( charge 384). assume that Hawthorne wrote The violent Letter exploring the relationship amongst Moral rectitude and Natural rightfulness, he chooses the bank check example uprightness of reputations to be absolute. U nether universe of discourseg definitions of constitution and contribution provided by Seymour Katz app be to the damage indispensable law and honorable law allow an extension of Leo Levys claim that Moral laws argon supreme. Moral law is an internalization of normalizing aspects of edict it, is acquired in time with nurture, education, and br separately experience. The older the soulfulness the to a greater extent contumacious and stable is his character, and the less alike(p)ly he is to act outside of the principles of his purchase order or his ro le, (Katz 5). The inhering law is being in a condition where purchase order apprize non recruit any rules or laws, It is undirected impulsion or potential energy which the individual allow for exp terminate and express in various ways in the cable of his life, (4). By applying the definitions of natural law and honourable law to the way Hawthorne reveals the faithfulness in the sweet and to the development of the character wrap up-white, Hawthorne proves that clean law is the dominant do work of law in The Scarlet Letter.In the set natural laws should be supreme. Here, the black while or devil makes his home, Mistress Hibbons goes to coiffe her witchcraft, and Hester and Dimmesdale commit their adultery (Hawthorne 144-145). Moral law forbids each of these three things. Only in the timber, a place where chaste law does non apply, whoremonger any of these things happen. From a very early age mint atomic number 18 taught by the moral laws that the plant contain s evil.But she fancied me asleep when she was talking of it. She express that a metersand and a thousand people had met him here, and had written in his book, and have his mark on them. And that ugly-tempered lady, disused Mistress Hibbons, was unrivaled. And, m otherwise, the old dame said that this florid garner was the Black homos mark on thee, and that it glows like a red flame when thou meetest him at midnight, here in the shameful wood. (126) cliff, at the age of s til now, already understands the wood contains evil. This normalizing aspect of moral law teaches the society that the representation of naturallaw, the forest, is evil. Thus, the moral laws quickly gain an advantage over the natural, in the offset place an individual is old enough to form their own opinion on the matter. other way the moral law proves to be supreme is when examining a nonher theme in the text, hypocrisy. The hypocrisy is so wide spread, even the Reverend Dimmesdale, introduced possess ing an, eloquence and religious flack having already given the earnest of last eminence in his profession, (48). This quality feature with a, dewy purity of thought, which, as umpteen people said, affected them like the diction of an angel, (48) caused Dimmesdale to be perceived as a model of purity and godliness for his assemblage despite committing a sin occult to them. Even after his confession his society does not believe the lawfulness that Dimmesdale committed adultery. This shows how firm the character of Dimmesdale is imagined to be by his people.Because the truth is often obscured by hypocrisy, where the truth is found there will be a very strong facial expression on the relationship among moral law, and natural law. In the forest, when drop curtain asks Hester what the red-faced garner means and wherefore she feigns it, Hester lies to her electric shaver for the firstborn time. What does the letter mean, mother? -and why dost thou wear it?.And as for the carmine letter, I wear it for the sake of its specie thread In all the sevener byg maven years, Hester Prynne had never before been irrational to the attribute on her bosom, (123). Hester lies to her child for the first time while they are in the forest because she is taught to be ashamed of her sin by the moral laws. These laws have a far-reaching provide their effect is felt even in the forest, the idealization of natural law.The truth about Chillingworths character reveals itself at the strongpoint of moral laws, the support. This device serves as the deterrent for criminals where they are displayed for the publics entertainment. In location, this scaffold constituted a component of the penal machinebut was held, in the old time, to be as efficient an agent in the promotion of thoroughly citizenship, as ever was the guillotine among the terrorists of France, (41). The scaffold punishes people for crimes committed violating the morallaws by exposing the perpetrator to public ignominy. The true character of Chillingworths character is revealed while Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl are performing a midnight ticker on the scaffold.To his features, as to all other objects the meteoric catch fire imparted a brisk expression or it might healthful be that the physician was not minute then, as at all other times, to hide the malevolence with which he looked upon his dupe, (107). This revelation occurs at the pinnacle of the prude penal system, the enforcing agent of all moral laws. Even though the meteoric light might be pick uped as an act of nature, this is not the case. It comes from the heavens where the puritan society acquires the religious justification to black market out their laws. Thus the moral law is responsible for providing the truth to the reader in this instance.Another symbolic representationisation coming from the forest are the Indians. They live in the forest and only periodically come under the jurisdiction of moral laws by entree a city or town. Because of this their actions and ideas can be interpreted to represent the arrange of natural law. In the instance when they interpret the marrow of the scarlet letter during the pick day sermon their interpretation that, the wearer of this brightly embroidered badge must needs be a personage of high arrogance among her people, (167) is the exact opposite of what the symbol was schoolmasterly intended to mean. The symbol for nature in this case considers the scarlet letter a boon. In contrast, the scarlet letter was surely intended to be a punishment having the effect of a spell, victorious her out of ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself. (40) This was the original function, which the moral law visitd the letter should serve.Although the letter comes to symbolize many incompatible things throughout the text, the only one, which is relevant to examine, is the one it was intended for. Because the moral and natural laws dictate different meaning upon the scarlet letter, one positive and one negative, which one is truly the dominant meaning? The negative meaning is the dominant one this is because the letter serves its original purpose separating Hester from her society. She lived in a contribute on the outskirts of the town, not in it and whenever she was in public her fellow citizens would form circles around her. The letter is a negative symbol throughout every part of thenovel barring the conclusion, and because of this the moral laws succeeded in sublime their meaning upon the letter.Another conflict between moral and natural comes in the fostering of Pearl, Hesters daughter. She is similar to a howling(a) spirit and is ostracized from society similar to Hester. Pearl was a born outcast of the childish world. An imp of evil, emblem and product of sin, she had no right among christened infants, (65). She was never part of her society, weakness to adhere to moral laws. As a child, sh e had no conception of the moral laws and acted accordingly. The itty-bitty baggage hath witchcraft in her, I profess, said Mr. Wilson to Mr. Dimmesdale. She needs no old womans broomstick to fly withal. (80).In addition to the fact that the upright citizen Mr. Wilson compares Pearl to a witch, she did not understand her religion stating, He did not send me cried she, positively. I have no Heavenly Father (68). By not understanding religion she was not long-suffering by the moral laws. While unflustered a child Pearl is immune by the moral laws but as she grows older she begins to adhere to them. By the end of the novel she is entirely assimilated into the moral culture. She had interpreted a keep up and was living a typical life in europium (177). By taking a husband she is adhering to the moral laws. While she began her life pursual the natural laws they eventually were overpowered by the pervasiveness of the moral. The moral laws are so powerful she could not resist their influence.Another assertion of the power of the moral laws in relation to Pearl occurs during the forest scene spanning chapters sixteen through nineteen. Here Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl meet for the first time after the scaffold scene. During these chapters Hester takes off her scarlet letter to prove to Dimmesdale that they can be free of the present situation if they go somewhere else in the world (137). Once Pearl sees her mother without the letter she immediately does not recognize her and becomes scared.I see what ails the child, whispered Hester to the clergyman, and turning unbalanced in spite of a strong effort to conceal her trouble and annoyance. Children will not abide any, the slightest, change in the accustomed aspect of things that are casual before their eyes. Pearl misses somethingwhich she has always seen me wear (142) Even in the forest where natural laws reign, Pearl will not approach path her mother without Hester wearing the scarlet letter, the symbol the moral laws imposed upon her. The moral laws last far beyond the edges of towns and cities expanding even into the forest.Hawthorne rejects natural laws by asserting the dominant put and influence of the moral laws. By noticing when and how Hawthorne offers the truth to the reader such as when Hester lied to Pearl in the forest reach or when Chillingworths character is revealed under the scrutiny of heavenly light, the moral laws are dominant. Even the chief symbol of the book, the scarlet letter, has a meaning imposed just by the moral laws. Another character originally having a natural proclivity, Pearl, loses that tendency by the end of the novel. In all of these instances the moral laws prove that they are stronger and more pervasive than the natural laws.Works CitedHawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. USA W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1988 Katz, Seymour. Character, Nature, and Allegory in The Scarlet Letter Rept. in nineteenth carbon Fiction. Ed. Blake Nevius. Vol. 23 1 . USA University of atomic number 20 Press, June 1968. 3-17.Levy, Leo. The grace Modes of The Scarlet Letter Rept. in Nineteenth Century Fiction. Ed. Blake Nevius. Vol. 23 4. USA University of California Press, March 1969. 377-392.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Infrastructure is currently an agency, instead of an asset.Thus, a foundation in which an organization can determine how to achieve current and future aims. There are many types of EA frameworks start with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this unpublished paper is to analyze ToGAF, and analyze how it compares with other EA frameworks.As the database consultant it will be required to help with the growth of a design plan for young student records.Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the special provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships between the important business cognitive processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defin es physical and logical available data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware logical and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the special mission in question.

Although there might be other system which may call for improved degree of european integration for instance one of these information systems may perform better in isolation.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architecture planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases; the part first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from Phase A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its basic needs.Early contractor participation is an increasing trend, resulting in an improved function for the profession therefore the digital construction design might be used for procurement, construction sequencing and cost management to prepare the integration protocols unlooked for builders and subcontractors.Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum different structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings together representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are available to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural old building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during statistical analysis and implementation of the process.

Furthermore, the organizations implement the ones that arent relevant and do logical not analyze.The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover click all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless, there are some viewpoints that are supported by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.Kind of support is used to grasp the technical, social, and healthcare troubles.FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology logical and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is analogous to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints logical and perspectives. However, the rows that are in the FEAF matrix do not directly large map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some significant correlatio n between TOGAF and FEAF.

Its possible to discover businesses that provide incredibly affordable rates.The first three various phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. multiple Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks share. However, EAP what does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture.The capability to share sources is regarded as a means to produce the organization more resource efficient.This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a god given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus & red Fox 2005). ADM guides the way that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibited in the DoDAF.This is because the same purpose of architecture determ ines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern & Ambler 2003).

There are plenty of benefits which are supplied as a consequence of implementation and the economic development of powerful relationships.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in determining details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail best can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF.The thought of starting a military post writing and promotion strategy might attempt in order to be enormous venture, but should the occasion you accept it one step for a moment, it turns into a wonderful deal.Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. & Fox, M. < /p>

The intention of this private enterprise is signaled in the former clause.It brings together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange mathematical models between the given modeling tools, maintain its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors also provide only means towards the achievement of the ISO9001:2000. The book brings into consideration Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’04) and kidney International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT’04).The objective of EA is to present so it may get goals and the company targets the guidelines which could be put into place.New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. The book provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The first book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems d eeds that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures deeds that the developers are in an environment that they can easily embrace.

(2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York: Springer. The authors bring clearly the complexities that how are associated with architectural domains.The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. & Ambler, S.The book contains guidelines deeds that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, logical and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the less real world business needs. Perks, C. & Beveridge, T.The authors’ clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the first book relates EA with service insta nces, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J.

The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of new job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective only way of achieving EA.New York: Springer Publishers. The authors’ brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that free will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.New York: Trafford Publishers. This first book defines the role that is pla yed by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common private Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow sexual selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Enterprise Architecture theoretical Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture.Dynamic Enterprise Architecture: How to Make it work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, legal advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization.